Food terminologi

TERMINOLOGI

1.spaghetti

Spaghetti is the plural form of the italian  wordspaghetto, which is a diminutive of spago, meaning "thin string" or "twine". Spaghetti (Italian pronunciation: ( spa getti ) is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta.spaghettoni is a thicker form of spaghetti, while capelliniis a very thin spaghetti. 

 

2. Hamburger

The term hamburger originally derives from Hambung, Gemany second-largest city. In German, Burg means "castle", "fortified settlement" or "fortified refuge" and is a widespread component of place names. The first element of the name is perhaps from Old high German hamma, referring to a bend in a river, or Middle high German hamme, referring to an enclosed area of pastureland.Hamburger in German is the demonym of Hamburg, similar to frankfurter and wiener, names for other meat-based foods and demonyms of the cities of Frankfurt and Vienna (Wien), respectively.

The term "burger", a n, is back-formatioassociated with many different types of sandwiches, similar to a (ground meat) hamburger, but made of different meats such as bufaalo in the bufaalo burger, venison,kangaroo, turket, elk, lamb or fish like salmon in the salmon burger, but even with meatless sandwiches as is the case of the veggie burger.

3. Pizza

The word "pizza" (Italian: [ˈpittsa]) first appeared in a Latin text from the southern Italy town of Geata, then still part of the Byzantine Empire, in 997 AD; the text states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta duodecim pizze ("twelve pizzas") every Christmas Day, and another twelve every Easter Sunday".

Suggested etymologies include:
Byzantine Greek and Late Latinpitta > pizza,cf. Modern Greek pitta bread and the Apulia and Calabrian (then Byzantine Italy) pitta,a round flat bread baked in the oven at high temperature sometimes with toppings. The word pitta can in turn be traced to eitherAncient Greek πικτή (pikte), "fermented pastry", which in Latin became "picta", or Ancient Greek πίσσα (pissa, Attic, πίττα,pitta), "pitch"or pḗtea, "bran" (pētítēs, "bran bread").
The Etymological Dictionary of the Italian Language explains it as coming from dialectal pinza "clamp", as in modern Italianpinze "pliers, pincers, tongs, forceps". Their origin is from Latin pinsere "to pound, stamp".
The Lombardic word bizzo or pizzomeaning "mouthful" (related to the English words "bit" and "bite"), which was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading Lombards.

4. Sushi
Sushi (すし, 寿司, 鮨) is a Japanese dish of specially prepared vinegared rice (鮨飯 sushi-meshi), usually with some sugar and salt, combined with a variety of ingredients (ネタneta), such as seafood (most commonly and often raw), vegetables, and occasionallytropical fruits. Styles of sushi and its presentation vary widely, but the key ingredient is "sushi rice", also referred to asshari (しゃり), or sumeshi (酢飯). The termsushi is no longer used in its original context and literally means "sour-tasting"


5. Doughnut
A doughnut or donut (both: /ˈdoʊnət/ or/ˈdoʊnʌt/; see spelling differences) is a type offried dough confectionery or Dessert food. The doughnut is popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, andfranchised specialty vendors.


6. Rice
First used in English in the middle of the 13th century, the word "rice" derives from the old frinch ris, which comes from Italian riso, in turn from the Latin  oriza, which derives from the Greek ὄρυζα (oruza). The Greek word is the source of all European words (cf. Welshreis, German Reis, Lithuanian ryžiai, Serbo-Croatian riža, Polish ryż, Dutch rijst, Hungarianrizs, Romanian orez).

The origin of the Greek word is unclear. It is sometimes held to be from the Tamil word (arisi), or rather Old Tamil arici.However,Krishnamurti[9] disagrees with the notion that Old Tamil arici is the source of the Greek term, and proposes that it was borrowed from descendants of Proto-Dravidian *wariñciinstead. Mayrhofer suggests that the immediate source of the Greek word is to be sought in Old Iranian words of the types *vrīz-or *vrinj- (Source of the modern Persian wordBerenj), but these are ultimately traced back to Indo-Aryan (as in Sanskrit vrīhí-). P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar assumed that the Sanskritvrīhí- is derived from the Tamil arici, whileFerdinand Kittel derived it from the Dravidian root variki. However, R. Swaminatha Aiyar believes that the Sanskrit vrīhí- is derived from a Proto Indo iranian root, and the Old Tamilarici is also of Indo-European origin.


7. Noodles
Noodles are a staple food in many cultures made from unleavened dough which is stretched, extruded, or rolled flat and cut into one of a variety of shapes. While long, thin strips may be the most common, many varieties of noodles are cut into waves, helices, tubes, strings, or shells, or folded over, or cut into other shapes. Noodles are usually cooked in boiling water, sometimes with cooking oil or salt added. They are often pan-fried or deep-fried. Noodles are often served with an accompanying sauce or in a soup. Noodles can be refrigerated for short-term storage or dried and stored for future use. The material composition or geocultural origin must be specified when discussing noodles. The word derives from the Germanword Nudel.


8. Rice
First attested in English in 1874, the word "pasta" comes from Italian pasta, in turn fromLatin pasta "dough, pastry cake", itself thelatinisation of the Greekπαστά (pasta) "barleyporridge". Pasta (Italian pronunciation:Pasta is astaple food[1] of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.

9. Bread
The Old english word for bread was hlaf(hlaifs in Gothic: modern English loaf), which appears to be the oldest Teutonic name.Old high german hleib and modern GermanLaibderive from this Proto-Germanic word, which was borrowed into Slavic (polish chleb,Russian khleb) and Finnic (Finnish leipä,Estonian leib) languages as well. The Middleand Modern English word bread appears inGermanic languages, such as West Frisianbrea, Dutch brood, German Brot, Swedish bröd, and Norwegian and Danishbrød; it may be related to brew or perhaps to break, originally meaning "broken piece", "morsel".[3]


10. Chocolate brownie
A chocolate brownie (commonly referred to as simply brownie) is a square, baked, chocolate dessert. Brownies come in a variety of forms and may be either fudgy or cakey, depending on their density. They may include nuts, frosting, cream cheese, chocolate chips, or other ingredients. A variation made with brown sugar rather than chocolate in the batter is called a blonde brownie or blondie. The brownie was developed in the United States at the end of the 19th century and popularized in the U.S. and Canada during the first half of the 20th century.